Fundamentals of Agronomy- 8

By Skumar

 Fundamentals of Agronomy- 8

Growth & Development of Crops



1. Growth in plants refers to:

A. Qualitative change
B. Quantitative irreversible increase
C. Seasonal change
D. Reproductive phase

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Growth is a permanent, irreversible increase in size, weight or volume.

2. Development in plants includes:

A. Only increase in size
B. Growth only
C. Growth and differentiation
D. Cell division only

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Development includes growth, differentiation and maturation.

3. Which is a characteristic of plant growth?

A. Reversible
B. Temporary
C. Permanent
D. Seasonal

✅ Answer: C

4. Growth occurs mainly due to:

A. Cell enlargement only
B. Cell division only
C. Cell division and cell enlargement
D. Cell differentiation

✅ Answer: C

5. Meristematic tissues are responsible for:

A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Growth
D. Transpiration

✅ Answer: C

6. Increase in number of cells is due to:

A. Cell enlargement
B. Cell division
C. Differentiation
D. Maturation

✅ Answer: B

7. Increase in size of cells is called:

A. Cell division
B. Cell elongation
C. Cell differentiation
D. Cell maturity

✅ Answer: B

8. Differentiation refers to:

A. Increase in size
B. Increase in number
C. Specialization of cells
D. Cell death

✅ Answer: C

9. Which factor does NOT affect crop growth?

A. Temperature
B. Light
C. Soil nutrients
D. Seed colour

✅ Answer: D

10. Growth is measured by:

A. Yield
B. Plant height and dry matter
C. Seed rate
D. Crop duration

✅ Answer: B

11. Which is a measure of growth?

A. Leaf area index
B. Crop geometry
C. Seed dormancy
D. Weed density

✅ Answer: A

12. Absolute growth rate (AGR) is:

A. Growth per unit time
B. Growth per unit area
C. Growth per unit weight
D. Growth per unit volume

✅ Answer: A

13. Relative growth rate (RGR) is:

A. Growth per unit time
B. Growth per unit leaf area
C. Growth per unit dry weight per unit time
D. Growth per unit height

✅ Answer: C

14. Leaf area index (LAI) is the ratio of:

A. Leaf weight to plant weight
B. Leaf area to ground area
C. Leaf number to plant number
D. Leaf length to width

✅ Answer: B

15. Optimum LAI results in:

A. Low photosynthesis
B. Maximum photosynthesis
C. High respiration
D. Crop lodging

✅ Answer: B

16. Which stage is most sensitive to stress?

A. Germination
B. Vegetative
C. Flowering
D. Maturity

✅ Answer: C

17. Temperature required for growth varies with:

A. Crop species
B. Growth stage
C. Environment
D. All of the above

✅ Answer: D

18. Base temperature is:

A. Maximum temperature
B. Minimum temperature for growth
C. Optimum temperature
D. Lethal temperature

✅ Answer: B

19. Thermal time concept is also known as:

A. Degree days
B. Heat stress
C. Photoperiod
D. Vernalization

✅ Answer: A

20. Which factor regulates flowering in crops?

A. Soil moisture
B. Temperature only
C. Photoperiod
D. Seed size

✅ Answer: C

21. Long day plants flower when day length is:

A. Short
B. Longer than critical length
C. Equal to night length
D. Shorter than night

✅ Answer: B

22. Short day plants flower when day length is:

A. Long
B. Equal to critical length
C. Shorter than critical length
D. Independent of day length

✅ Answer: C

23. Photoperiodic response is controlled by:

A. Leaves
B. Roots
C. Flowers
D. Seeds

✅ Answer: A

24. Vernalization refers to:

A. Cold treatment for flowering
B. Heat treatment
C. Light exposure
D. Water soaking

✅ Answer: A

25. Vernalization is effective in:

A. Rice
B. Wheat
C. Cotton
D. Maize

✅ Answer: B

26. Which hormone promotes cell elongation?

A. Cytokinin
B. Gibberellin
C. Auxin
D. Abscisic acid

✅ Answer: C

27. Gibberellins mainly promote:

A. Root growth
B. Stem elongation
C. Leaf senescence
D. Dormancy

✅ Answer: B

28. Cytokinins delay:

A. Germination
B. Senescence
C. Flowering
D. Root growth

✅ Answer: B

29. Abscisic acid is known as:

A. Growth promoter
B. Stress hormone
C. Flowering hormone
D. Ripening hormone

✅ Answer: B

30. Ethylene promotes:

A. Cell division
B. Fruit ripening
C. Root elongation
D. Leaf expansion

✅ Answer: B

31. Crop growth rate (CGR) is expressed as:

A. g/m²/day
B. cm/day
C. kg/ha
D. %

✅ Answer: A

32. Net assimilation rate (NAR) refers to:

A. Photosynthesis per unit leaf area
B. Respiration per unit area
C. Transpiration rate
D. Nutrient uptake

✅ Answer: A

33. Growth curve of plants is:

A. Linear
B. Sigmoid
C. Exponential only
D. Irregular

✅ Answer: B

34. Maximum growth rate occurs during:

A. Lag phase
B. Log phase
C. Maturity phase
D. Senescence

✅ Answer: B

35. Senescence is:

A. Growth stage
B. Death of cells or tissues
C. Germination
D. Flowering

✅ Answer: B

36. Growth retardants reduce:

A. Yield
B. Plant height
C. Root growth
D. Germination

✅ Answer: B

37. Which factor controls transpiration and growth?

A. Humidity
B. Wind
C. Light
D. All

✅ Answer: D

38. Nutrient deficiency affects:

A. Growth only
B. Development only
C. Both growth and development
D. Yield only

✅ Answer: C

39. Which nutrient promotes vegetative growth?

A. Phosphorus
B. Potassium
C. Nitrogen
D. Calcium

✅ Answer: C

40. Root growth is favoured by:

A. High nitrogen
B. Phosphorus
C. Potassium
D. Sulphur

✅ Answer: B

41. Reproductive growth begins at:

A. Germination
B. Tillering
C. Flower initiation
D. Maturity

✅ Answer: C

42. Critical stage of crop growth refers to:

A. Least sensitive stage
B. Most sensitive stage to stress
C. Harvest stage
D. Dormant stage

✅ Answer: B

43. Crop development rate depends on:

A. Temperature
B. Photoperiod
C. Genetics
D. All

✅ Answer: D

44. Which stress delays crop development?

A. Adequate nutrients
B. Water stress
C. Optimum temperature
D. Proper spacing

✅ Answer: B

45. Leaf senescence is delayed by:

A. Auxin
B. Cytokinin
C. Ethylene
D. ABA

✅ Answer: B

46. Growth analysis is useful to:

A. Measure yield only
B. Understand crop productivity
C. Control weeds
D. Improve seed quality

✅ Answer: B

47. Crop duration refers to:

A. Germination period
B. Vegetative period
C. Total life cycle of crop
D. Flowering period

✅ Answer: C

48. Which factor is least controllable by farmers?

A. Irrigation
B. Fertilizer
C. Climate
D. Crop variety

✅ Answer: C

49. Lodging affects crop growth by:

A. Increasing photosynthesis
B. Reducing light interception
C. Increasing nutrient uptake
D. Increasing yield

✅ Answer: B

50. Growth and development together determine:

A. Crop yield
B. Seed quality
C. Crop geometry
D. Weed competition

✅ Answer: A


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