Fundamentals of Agronomy-7

By Skumar

  Fundamentals of Agronomy-7

Sustainable Agriculture & Allelopathy


🔹 PART A: Sustainable Agriculture (MCQ 1–35)

1. Sustainable agriculture mainly aims at:

A. Maximum profit
B. Maximum yield
C. Long-term productivity with environmental safety
D. Intensive input use

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Sustainable agriculture focuses on maintaining productivity while conserving natural resources for future generations.

2. Sustainable agriculture was strongly emphasized after:

A. White Revolution
B. Green Revolution
C. Industrial Revolution
D. Blue Revolution

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Problems like soil degradation after the Green Revolution led to the concept of sustainability.

3. Which of the following is NOT a principle of sustainable agriculture?

A. Resource conservation
B. Environmental protection
C. High chemical dependency
D. Economic viability

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Sustainable agriculture discourages excessive chemical use.

4. The main natural resources in sustainable agriculture are:

A. Soil and water
B. Air and light
C. Plants only
D. Animals only

✅ Answer: A
📘 Explanation: Soil and water are key renewable resources in crop production.

5. Sustainable agriculture emphasizes:

A. Monocropping
B. Crop diversification
C. Continuous rice cultivation
D. Chemical weed control

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Crop diversification reduces risk and improves soil health.

6. Conservation of soil fertility is achieved by:

A. Burning residues
B. Crop rotation
C. Continuous cropping
D. Excess fertilizers

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Crop rotation improves soil structure and nutrient balance.

7. Which practice reduces soil erosion?

A. Clean cultivation
B. Contour farming
C. Over irrigation
D. Deep tillage

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Contour farming reduces runoff on sloping lands.

8. Sustainable crop production mainly avoids:

A. Integrated farming
B. Organic manures
C. Overexploitation of resources
D. Mixed cropping

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Resource overuse threatens sustainability.

9. Which farming system is most sustainable?

A. Shifting cultivation
B. Integrated farming system
C. Plantation farming
D. Slash and burn

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Integrated farming recycles resources efficiently.

10. Pollution in agriculture is mainly caused by:

A. Crop residues
B. Excess fertilizers and pesticides
C. Crop rotation
D. Green manuring

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Overuse of agrochemicals leads to soil and water pollution.

11. Which is a renewable resource?

A. Coal
B. Petroleum
C. Soil (if managed)
D. Minerals

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Soil is renewable with proper management.

12. Sustainable agriculture ensures:

A. Short-term gains
B. Environmental degradation
C. Intergenerational equity
D. Resource exhaustion

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: It ensures future generations can meet their needs.

13. Which practice improves biodiversity?

A. Monoculture
B. Mixed cropping
C. Continuous cropping
D. Heavy pesticide use

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Mixed cropping supports diverse organisms.

14. Zero budget natural farming is related to:

A. High chemical use
B. Sustainable agriculture
C. Plantation farming
D. Intensive farming

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: ZBNF promotes low-input sustainable farming.

15. The main objective of sustainable agriculture is:

A. Yield maximization
B. Profit maximization
C. Balanced productivity and conservation
D. Export promotion

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Balance between productivity and conservation is key.

16. Which gas emission is reduced by sustainable agriculture?

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Greenhouse gases
D. Hydrogen

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Sustainable practices reduce CO₂, CH₄ emissions.

17. Recycling of farm waste is part of:

A. Conventional farming
B. Sustainable agriculture
C. Plantation farming
D. Mechanized farming

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Waste recycling reduces dependency on external inputs.

18. Which farming conserves natural resources?

A. Intensive farming
B. Sustainable farming
C. Shifting cultivation
D. Industrial farming

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Sustainable farming conserves soil, water and biodiversity.

19. Which practice improves soil organic matter?

A. Residue burning
B. FYM application
C. Deep ploughing
D. Excess irrigation

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Farmyard manure increases soil organic carbon.

20. Sustainable agriculture promotes:

A. Short crop cycles
B. Resource efficiency
C. Chemical dependency
D. Uniform cropping

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Efficient use of inputs is a core principle.

21. Which farming reduces pollution?

A. Chemical farming
B. Organic farming
C. Intensive farming
D. Industrial farming

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Organic farming avoids synthetic chemicals.

22. Agroforestry is part of:

A. Intensive farming
B. Sustainable agriculture
C. Plantation system
D. Shifting cultivation

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Agroforestry improves sustainability.

23. Soil conservation aims to:

A. Increase erosion
B. Maintain soil productivity
C. Remove nutrients
D. Reduce crops

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Conservation maintains long-term soil health.

24. Integrated pest management supports:

A. Chemical dependency
B. Sustainable agriculture
C. Monocropping
D. Intensive farming

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: IPM reduces pesticide load.

25. Sustainable agriculture discourages:

A. Crop rotation
B. Excessive mechanization
C. Integrated farming
D. Organic inputs

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Excess mechanization may harm soil structure.

26. Pollution caused by agriculture affects:

A. Soil only
B. Water only
C. Air only
D. Soil, water and air

✅ Answer: D
📘 Explanation: Agrochemicals pollute all ecosystems.

27. Which practice saves water?

A. Flood irrigation
B. Drip irrigation
C. Over irrigation
D. Canal loss

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Drip irrigation improves water use efficiency.

28. Sustainable agriculture improves:

A. Soil degradation
B. Resource depletion
C. Ecosystem stability
D. Pollution

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Sustainability enhances ecosystem balance.

29. Natural resource conservation includes:

A. Deforestation
B. Soil erosion
C. Water harvesting
D. Pollution

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Water harvesting conserves water resources.

30. Which is an indicator of sustainability?

A. High chemical use
B. Stable yield over years
C. Soil erosion
D. Resource depletion

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Sustainability ensures long-term yield stability.

31. Sustainable agriculture mainly benefits:

A. Farmers only
B. Consumers only
C. Environment only
D. Farmers, consumers and environment

✅ Answer: D
📘 Explanation: It benefits all stakeholders.

32. Excess fertilizer use leads to:

A. Soil health improvement
B. Nutrient imbalance
C. Sustainability
D. Resource conservation

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Excess nutrients disturb soil balance.

33. Sustainable agriculture supports climate resilience by:

A. Resource misuse
B. Diversification
C. Monoculture
D. Chemical intensification

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Diversification reduces climate risk.

34. Which practice reduces carbon footprint?

A. Residue burning
B. Conservation tillage
C. Intensive ploughing
D. Flood irrigation

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Conservation tillage reduces CO₂ emission.

35. The core concept of sustainable agriculture is:

A. Exploitation
B. Conservation
C. Degradation
D. Pollution

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Conservation of natural resources is the foundation.

🔹 PART B: Allelopathy (MCQ 36–50)

36. Allelopathy refers to:

A. Mutual benefit between plants
B. Harmful effect of one plant on another
C. Nutrient competition
D. Symbiosis

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Allelopathy involves chemical inhibition.

37. The term allelopathy was coined by:

A. Darwin
B. Molisch
C. Liebig
D. Mendel

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Hans Molisch coined the term in 1937.

38. Allelochemicals are:

A. Nutrients
B. Growth promoters
C. Chemical inhibitors
D. Hormones

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Allelochemicals inhibit growth of nearby plants.

39. Allelopathy is useful in:

A. Weed control
B. Pest control only
C. Fertilization
D. Irrigation

✅ Answer: A
📘 Explanation: Allelopathy suppresses weeds naturally.

40. Which crop shows allelopathic effect?

A. Rice
B. Wheat
C. Sorghum
D. All

✅ Answer: D
📘 Explanation: Many crops release allelochemicals.

41. Allelopathy is an example of:

A. Physical competition
B. Chemical interaction
C. Nutrient absorption
D. Water stress

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: It is a chemical interaction among plants.

42. Allelochemicals are released through:

A. Roots
B. Leaves
C. Decomposition
D. All of the above

✅ Answer: D
📘 Explanation: Chemicals can be released in multiple ways.

43. Which system benefits from allelopathy?

A. Monoculture
B. Sustainable agriculture
C. Shifting cultivation
D. Plantation farming

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Allelopathy reduces chemical inputs.

44. Rice allelopathy is effective against:

A. Insects
B. Weeds
C. Diseases
D. Nutrients

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Rice suppresses weed growth.

45. Allelopathy can be:

A. Only negative
B. Only positive
C. Both positive and negative
D. Neutral

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: It can inhibit or stimulate plant growth.

46. Which crop residue shows allelopathic effect?

A. Sorghum
B. Sunflower
C. Rice
D. All

✅ Answer: D
📘 Explanation: Many residues contain allelochemicals.

47. Allelopathy helps in:

A. Fertilizer efficiency
B. Weed suppression
C. Soil erosion
D. Pest outbreak

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: It naturally controls weeds.

48. Allelopathic crops reduce:

A. Yield
B. Weed population
C. Nutrient content
D. Soil moisture

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Weed population is suppressed.

49. Allelopathy is most important in:

A. Intensive farming
B. Sustainable crop production
C. Industrial farming
D. Plantation crops

✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: It supports eco-friendly farming.

50. Use of allelopathy reduces dependency on:

A. Irrigation
B. Fertilizers
C. Herbicides
D. Seeds

✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Allelopathy acts as natural weed control.


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