Fundamentals of Agronomy-2
Fundamentals of Agronomy-2
AGRONOMY MCQ TEST SERIES
🔹 A. Factors Affecting Crop Stand Establishment
1. Crop stand establishment mainly depends on:
A. Fertilizer cost
B. Seed quality and sowing conditions
C. Crop price
D. Harvesting method
✅ Answer: B
📝 Explanation: Good seed quality and proper field conditions ensure proper germination and establishment.
2. Good quality seed is characterized by:
A. High moisture
B. Low purity
C. High germination and vigour
D. Low viability
✅ Answer: C
3. Seed vigour mainly influences:
A. Seed colour
B. Early seedling growth
C. Seed size
D. Seed price
✅ Answer: B
4. Proper tillage helps in:
A. Weed multiplication
B. Better root penetration
C. Soil compaction
D. Reduced aeration
✅ Answer: B
5. The optimum time of sowing ensures:
A. Escape from weeds
B. Proper utilization of growth period
C. Reduced seed rate
D. Low fertilizer use
✅ Answer: B
6. Delay in sowing generally results in:
A. Increased yield
B. Better establishment
C. Reduced yield
D. No effect
✅ Answer: C
7. Seed rate is influenced by:
A. Crop variety
B. Germination percentage
C. Sowing method
D. All
✅ Answer: D
8. Excess seed rate causes:
A. Wider spacing
B. Intra-plant competition
C. Low population
D. Poor germination
✅ Answer: B
9. Depth of sowing mainly depends on:
A. Crop type and soil moisture
B. Fertilizer dose
C. Crop duration
D. Seed colour
✅ Answer: A
10. Shallow sowing leads to:
A. Lodging
B. Poor anchorage
C. Better root growth
D. Delayed emergence
✅ Answer: B
11. Broadcasting is suitable for:
A. Precision farming
B. Random seed distribution
C. Intercropping
D. Transplanting
✅ Answer: B
12. Drilling method of sowing ensures:
A. Uneven depth
B. Uniform seed placement
C. Seed wastage
D. Poor emergence
✅ Answer: B
13. Dibbling is best suited for:
A. Small seeded crops
B. Large seeded crops
C. Paddy
D. Forage crops
✅ Answer: B
14. Sowing behind country plough is common in:
A. Dryland farming
B. Irrigated rice
C. Horticulture
D. Plantation crops
✅ Answer: A
15. Transplanting is practiced mainly to:
A. Save seed
B. Ensure uniform stand
C. Avoid weed competition initially
D. All
✅ Answer: D
🔹 B. Tillage and Tilth
16. Tillage is defined as:
A. Seed sowing
B. Mechanical manipulation of soil
C. Fertilizer application
D. Weed control only
✅ Answer: B
17. The main objective of tillage is to:
A. Increase soil erosion
B. Prepare seedbed
C. Increase compaction
D. Reduce aeration
✅ Answer: B
18. Tilth refers to:
A. Soil fertility
B. Physical condition of soil
C. Soil colour
D. Soil moisture only
✅ Answer: B
19. Good tilth promotes:
A. Root growth
B. Seed germination
C. Microbial activity
D. All
✅ Answer: D
20. Primary tillage includes:
A. Harrowing
B. Ploughing
C. Leveling
D. Rolling
✅ Answer: B
21. Secondary tillage aims at:
A. Breaking soil clods
B. Weed emergence
C. Deep inversion
D. Soil compaction
✅ Answer: A
22. Excessive tillage leads to:
A. Soil degradation
B. Better tilth always
C. Increased organic matter
D. Reduced erosion
✅ Answer: A
23. Conservation tillage aims to:
A. Increase soil erosion
B. Reduce soil disturbance
C. Increase fuel use
D. Increase tillage operations
✅ Answer: B
24. Zero tillage means:
A. Minimum tillage
B. No soil disturbance except sowing
C. Deep tillage
D. Conventional tillage
✅ Answer: B
25. Advantage of conservation tillage is:
A. Moisture conservation
B. Reduced erosion
C. Reduced cost
D. All
✅ Answer: D
26. Disadvantage of zero tillage is:
A. Increased erosion
B. Weed problem initially
C. Higher fuel use
D. Poor moisture retention
✅ Answer: B
27. Modern concept of tillage emphasizes:
A. Maximum soil disturbance
B. Energy efficiency
C. Frequent ploughing
D. Traditional methods only
✅ Answer: B
28. Puddling is mainly practiced in:
A. Wheat
B. Rice
C. Gram
D. Sorghum
✅ Answer: B
29. Puddling reduces:
A. Water loss
B. Soil fertility
C. Nutrient availability
D. Root growth
✅ Answer: A
30. Tillage depth mainly affects:
A. Root distribution
B. Leaf colour
C. Seed size
D. Crop maturity
✅ Answer: A
🔹 C. Crop Density and Geometry
31. Crop density refers to:
A. Crop weight
B. Number of plants per unit area
C. Crop height
D. Crop duration
✅ Answer: B
32. Plant geometry is related to:
A. Fertilizer dose
B. Spacing arrangement
C. Crop duration
D. Soil type
✅ Answer: B
33. Proper plant geometry ensures:
A. Efficient use of light, water and nutrients
B. Weed dominance
C. Lodging
D. Reduced yield
✅ Answer: A
34. Square planting geometry means:
A. Unequal spacing
B. Equal row and plant spacing
C. Broadcasting
D. Transplanting
✅ Answer: B
35. Rectangular planting geometry is common in:
A. Rice
B. Wheat
C. Sugarcane
D. Cotton
✅ Answer: D
36. High crop density leads to:
A. More tillers
B. Intra-plant competition
C. Better aeration
D. Less disease
✅ Answer: B
37. Low crop density causes:
A. Underutilization of resources
B. Higher yield always
C. No weed growth
D. Better lodging resistance
✅ Answer: A
38. Optimum plant population results in:
A. Maximum yield
B. Maximum height
C. Maximum duration
D. Maximum weeds
✅ Answer: A
39. Wider spacing is preferred for:
A. Small seeded crops
B. Intercropping systems
C. Broadcasting
D. Transplanting rice
✅ Answer: B
40. Narrow spacing generally increases:
A. Tillering
B. Competition
C. Root depth
D. Seed size
✅ Answer: B
🔹 D. Crop Nutrition – Essential Nutrients
41. An essential nutrient is one which:
A. Improves yield
B. Is required for plant growth
C. Cannot be replaced by another element
D. All
✅ Answer: D
42. Criteria of essentiality was given by:
A. Liebig
B. Arnon and Stout
C. Mitscherlich
D. Blackman
✅ Answer: B
43. According to essentiality criteria, nutrient must:
A. Be directly involved in metabolism
B. Be replaceable
C. Be optional
D. Be toxic
✅ Answer: A
44. Macronutrients are required in:
A. Trace amounts
B. Large quantities
C. Toxic doses
D. Equal amounts
✅ Answer: B
45. Micronutrients are required in:
A. Large amounts
B. Moderate amounts
C. Small quantities
D. Toxic levels
✅ Answer: C
46. Nitrogen is a constituent of:
A. Chlorophyll
B. Proteins
C. Nucleic acids
D. All
✅ Answer: D
47. Phosphorus plays a key role in:
A. Energy transfer
B. Cell elongation
C. Transpiration
D. Respiration only
✅ Answer: A
48. Potassium helps in:
A. Enzyme activation
B. Water regulation
C. Disease resistance
D. All
✅ Answer: D
49. Calcium is essential for:
A. Cell wall formation
B. Root growth
C. Membrane stability
D. All
✅ Answer: D
50. Magnesium is a part of:
A. Chlorophyll molecule
B. Protein
C. DNA
D. Enzyme only
✅ Answer: A
🔹 D. Crop Nutrition (Continued)
51. Sulphur is essential for the synthesis of:
A. Starch
B. Oils and proteins
C. Chlorophyll
D. Carbohydrates
✅ Answer: B
📝 Explanation: Sulphur is a component of sulphur-containing amino acids.
52. Iron deficiency causes:
A. Older leaves turn yellow
B. Interveinal chlorosis in young leaves
C. Leaf margin scorching
D. Stunted roots
✅ Answer: B
53. Zinc deficiency symptom in crops is:
A. Whiptail
B. Khaira disease
C. Dieback
D. Rosetting
✅ Answer: B
📝 Explanation: Khaira disease of rice is caused by Zn deficiency.
54. Boron is important for:
A. Photosynthesis
B. Pollen germination
C. Protein synthesis
D. Nitrogen fixation
✅ Answer: B
55. Molybdenum is essential for:
A. Chlorophyll formation
B. Nitrogen metabolism
C. Cell division
D. Root elongation
✅ Answer: B
56. Chlorine is involved in:
A. Osmotic regulation
B. Enzyme activation
C. Photosynthesis
D. All
✅ Answer: D
57. Nutrients required in very small quantities are called:
A. Macronutrients
B. Secondary nutrients
C. Micronutrients
D. Primary nutrients
✅ Answer: C
58. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are obtained from:
A. Fertilizers
B. Soil
C. Air and water
D. Manures
✅ Answer: C
59. Liebig’s law is related to:
A. Maximum law
B. Minimum law
C. Law of diminishing returns
D. Mitscherlich law
✅ Answer: B
60. Nutrient which is mobile in plant is:
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Nitrogen
D. Boron
✅ Answer: C
🔹 A. Factors Affecting Crop Stand (Continued)
61. Seed dormancy refers to:
A. Seed death
B. Failure to germinate under favourable conditions
C. Low viability
D. Hard seed coat only
✅ Answer: B
62. Seed priming improves:
A. Seed colour
B. Speed of germination
C. Seed size
D. Seed weight
✅ Answer: B
63. Soil crusting mainly affects:
A. Root growth
B. Seedling emergence
C. Nutrient uptake
D. Photosynthesis
✅ Answer: B
64. Proper soil moisture at sowing helps in:
A. Nutrient loss
B. Uniform germination
C. Weed growth
D. Disease incidence
✅ Answer: B
65. Seedling mortality is highest during:
A. Germination stage
B. Flowering
C. Maturity
D. Harvesting
✅ Answer: A
🔹 B. Tillage and Tilth (Continued)
66. Minimum tillage aims at:
A. Maximum soil disturbance
B. Reducing number of tillage operations
C. Deep ploughing
D. Zero cultivation
✅ Answer: B
67. Strip tillage involves:
A. Complete soil disturbance
B. Tilling only crop rows
C. No tillage
D. Flooding
✅ Answer: B
68. Mulch tillage leaves:
A. Soil bare
B. Crop residues on surface
C. Soil compacted
D. Soil flooded
✅ Answer: B
69. Advantage of reduced tillage is:
A. Increased fuel consumption
B. Moisture conservation
C. Increased erosion
D. Soil compaction
✅ Answer: B
70. Excess tillage destroys:
A. Soil structure
B. Soil fertility only
C. Soil colour
D. Soil temperature
✅ Answer: A
71. Clod size affects:
A. Seed placement
B. Germination
C. Emergence
D. All
✅ Answer: D
72. Ideal tilth is required for:
A. Transplanting only
B. Germination and root growth
C. Harvesting
D. Fertilizer application
✅ Answer: B
🔹 C. Crop Density & Geometry (Continued)
73. Plant population is expressed as:
A. Plants per hectare
B. Kg per hectare
C. Yield per hectare
D. Seeds per kg
✅ Answer: A
74. Optimum spacing varies with:
A. Variety
B. Soil fertility
C. Season
D. All
✅ Answer: D
75. Wider spacing reduces:
A. Tillering
B. Competition
C. Root growth
D. Light interception
✅ Answer: B
76. Rectangular geometry facilitates:
A. Mechanization
B. Interculture
C. Intercropping
D. All
✅ Answer: D
77. Paired row planting is useful in:
A. Rice
B. Wheat
C. Sugarcane
D. Pulses
✅ Answer: C
78. Skipping rows helps in:
A. Weed control
B. Moisture conservation
C. Fertilizer loss
D. Lodging
✅ Answer: B
79. Overcrowding of plants results in:
A. Taller plants
B. Lodging
C. Disease incidence
D. All
✅ Answer: D
80. Crop geometry mainly influences:
A. Nutrient uptake
B. Light interception
C. Yield
D. All
✅ Answer: D
🔹 Integrated Agronomy Concepts
81. Crop establishment is successful when:
A. Germination is high
B. Mortality is low
C. Uniform stand is achieved
D. All
✅ Answer: D
82. Seed bed preparation should ensure:
A. Fine tilth
B. Adequate moisture
C. Proper aeration
D. All
✅ Answer: D
83. Early sowing helps crops to:
A. Escape pests
B. Utilize full growing season
C. Increase yield
D. All
✅ Answer: D
84. Late sowing generally results in:
A. Heat stress
B. Reduced tillering
C. Yield loss
D. All
✅ Answer: D
85. Line sowing is superior to broadcasting because:
A. Less seed required
B. Better interculture
C. Uniform stand
D. All
✅ Answer: D
86. Precision farming mainly focuses on:
A. Blanket recommendations
B. Site-specific management
C. Traditional practices
D. Manual operations
✅ Answer: B
87. Nutrient use efficiency is improved by:
A. Proper spacing
B. Optimum population
C. Balanced nutrition
D. All
✅ Answer: D
88. Crop yield is maximum when:
A. Population is highest
B. Population is lowest
C. Population is optimum
D. Population is random
✅ Answer: C
89. Balanced fertilization means:
A. Only nitrogen application
B. Only organic manures
C. Supply of all nutrients in required amount
D. Excess fertilizer
✅ Answer: C
90. Hidden hunger refers to:
A. Acute deficiency
B. Mild nutrient deficiency without visible symptoms
C. Toxicity
D. Starvation
✅ Answer: B
🔹 Exam-Focused MCQs
91. Which practice directly affects crop stand?
A. Harvesting
B. Sowing method
C. Threshing
D. Storage
✅ Answer: B
92. Best sowing depth ensures:
A. Rapid emergence
B. Strong anchorage
C. Uniform stand
D. All
✅ Answer: D
93. Conservation tillage is most useful in:
A. Dryland farming
B. Flooded rice
C. Plantation crops
D. Horticulture only
✅ Answer: A
94. Crop geometry is decided mainly by:
A. Fertilizer dose
B. Crop and variety
C. Seed colour
D. Irrigation method
✅ Answer: B
95. Nutrient deficiency symptoms first appear on young leaves when nutrient is:
A. Mobile
B. Immobile
C. Secondary
D. Non-essential
✅ Answer: B
96. Nitrogen deficiency appears first on:
A. Young leaves
B. Old leaves
C. Roots
D. Flowers
✅ Answer: B
97. Excess nitrogen causes:
A. Lodging
B. Delayed maturity
C. Pest incidence
D. All
✅ Answer: D
98. Seedling establishment is poor in:
A. Crusted soils
B. Compacted soils
C. Dry soils
D. All
✅ Answer: D
99. Main goal of agronomic practices is to:
A. Increase cost
B. Maximize yield sustainably
C. Increase inputs
D. Reduce crops
✅ Answer: B
100. Agronomy integrates:
A. Soil, crop and climate
B. Crop and fertilizer only
C. Seed and irrigation only
D. Machinery only
✅ Answer: A
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