Fundamentals of Agronomy-1

🔹 A. Agronomy: Definition, Meaning & Scope (Q1–25)

1. Agronomy is defined as the science and art of crop production and soil management.
A. Genetics
B. Agronomy
C. Horticulture
D. Soil science
✅ Answer: B
📝 Explanation: Agronomy deals with crop production and soil management practices.

2. The term Agronomy is derived from which language?
A. Latin
B. Sanskrit
C. Greek
D. French
✅ Answer: C
📝 Explanation: Agronomy comes from Greek words agros (field) and nomos (management).

3. ‘Agros’ in Greek means:
A. Crop
B. Field
C. Soil
D. Seed
✅ Answer: B
📝 Explanation: Agros refers to field.

4. ‘Nomos’ means:
A. Management
B. Production
C. Science
D. Crop
✅ Answer: A
📝 Explanation: Nomos means management.

5. Agronomy mainly deals with:
A. Forest crops
B. Field crops
C. Ornamental plants
D. Medicinal plants
✅ Answer: B
📝 Explanation: Agronomy focuses on field crops.

6. Which of the following is NOT included in agronomy?
A. Crop rotation
B. Irrigation
C. Breeding
D. Tillage
✅ Answer: C
📝 Explanation: Breeding belongs to Genetics & Plant Breeding.

7. Agronomy is considered as:
A. Only science
B. Only art
C. Only business
D. Science, art and business
✅ Answer: D
📝 Explanation: It involves scientific principles, skillful practices and economic returns.

8. Scope of agronomy includes:
A. Crop production
B. Soil management
C. Weed management
D. All of the above
✅ Answer: D

9. Which activity is related to agronomy?
A. Seed testing
B. Fertilizer application
C. DNA sequencing
D. Plant hybridization
✅ Answer: B
📝 Explanation: Fertilizer management is a part of agronomy.

10. Agronomy helps in:
A. Increasing yield
B. Sustainable farming
C. Efficient resource use
D. All of the above
✅ Answer: D

11. Agronomy is closely related to which discipline?
A. Soil Science
B. Entomology
C. Plant Pathology
D. All
✅ Answer: D

12. The economic aspect of crop production is emphasized in:
A. Art
B. Science
C. Business
D. Ecology
✅ Answer: C

13. The scientific principles used in agronomy are based on:
A. Physics only
B. Chemistry only
C. Biology only
D. All natural sciences
✅ Answer: D

14. Agronomy plays a key role in:
A. Food security
B. Industrialization
C. Urban planning
D. Space research
✅ Answer: A

15. Agronomy focuses on crops grown in:
A. Pots
B. Greenhouses
C. Fields
D. Gardens
✅ Answer: C

16. Which practice improves soil physical condition?
A. Irrigation
B. Tillage
C. Harvesting
D. Threshing
✅ Answer: B

17. Agronomy integrates knowledge from:
A. Meteorology
B. Soil science
C. Crop physiology
D. All
✅ Answer: D

18. Agronomy aims at:
A. Maximum yield
B. Minimum cost
C. Sustainability
D. All
✅ Answer: D

19. Crop planning is a part of:
A. Agronomy
B. Genetics
C. Pathology
D. Entomology
✅ Answer: A

20. Agronomy deals with crop production under:
A. Controlled conditions
B. Natural field conditions
C. Laboratory conditions
D. Glasshouse conditions
✅ Answer: B

21. Agronomy helps farmers to:
A. Improve productivity
B. Reduce risk
C. Use resources efficiently
D. All
✅ Answer: D

22. Agronomy does NOT include:
A. Weed control
B. Water management
C. Crop nutrition
D. Hybrid development
✅ Answer: D

23. The ultimate goal of agronomy is:
A. High profit
B. High yield
C. Sustainable crop production
D. Export promotion
✅ Answer: C

24. Agronomy contributes to:
A. Food security
B. Employment
C. Rural development
D. All
✅ Answer: D

25. Agronomy links:
A. Soil and plant
B. Plant and climate
C. Soil, plant and environment
D. Soil only
✅ Answer: C

🔹 B. Relation of Agronomy with Other Disciplines (Q26–40)

26. Agronomy + Soil Science deals with:
A. Crop nutrition
B. Soil fertility
C. Land management
D. All
✅ Answer: D

27. Agronomy is related to Plant Physiology for:
A. Growth processes
B. Respiration
C. Photosynthesis
D. All
✅ Answer: D

28. Weed management links agronomy with:
A. Entomology
B. Pathology
C. Ecology
D. Weed science
✅ Answer: D

29. Agronomy and Meteorology relation is for:
A. Weather forecasting
B. Crop–climate interaction
C. Rainfall measurement
D. Temperature only
✅ Answer: B

30. Agronomy and Genetics relation helps in:
A. Variety selection
B. Crop improvement
C. Seed quality
D. All
✅ Answer: D

🔹 C. Field Crops: Classification, Importance, Ecology (Q31–55)

31. Field crops are mainly grown for:
A. Ornamentation
B. Commercial purpose
C. Medicinal use
D. Aesthetic value
✅ Answer: B

32. Cereals belong to which family?
A. Leguminosae
B. Poaceae
C. Solanaceae
D. Malvaceae
✅ Answer: B

33. Pulses are rich in:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Fats
D. Vitamins
✅ Answer: B

34. Oilseeds are grown mainly for:
A. Protein
B. Fibre
C. Oil
D. Sugar
✅ Answer: C

35. Cotton is classified as:
A. Cereal
B. Pulse
C. Fibre crop
D. Oilseed
✅ Answer: C

36. Sugarcane is a:
A. Cereal
B. Cash crop
C. Pulse
D. Oilseed
✅ Answer: B

37. Ecology is the study of:
A. Soil only
B. Plants only
C. Interaction of organisms and environment
D. Climate only
✅ Answer: C

38. Crop ecology deals with:
A. Crop–environment relationship
B. Soil fertility
C. Seed quality
D. Weed biology
✅ Answer: A

39. Ecosystem includes:
A. Biotic components
B. Abiotic components
C. Energy flow
D. All
✅ Answer: D

40. Agro-ecosystem is related to:
A. Forests
B. Natural grassland
C. Agricultural fields
D. Deserts
✅ Answer: C

🔹 D. Seeds & Sowing: Crop, Variety & Seed (Q56–100)

56. Crop is defined as:
A. Any plant
B. Plants grown for economic purpose
C. Wild plants
D. Forest plants
✅ Answer: B

57. Crop plants are grown mainly for:
A. Beauty
B. Shade
C. Economic yield
D. Oxygen
✅ Answer: C

58. Variety is:
A. Group of unrelated plants
B. Genetically similar plants
C. Hybrid population
D. Weed species
✅ Answer: B

59. Variety is developed through:
A. Selection
B. Hybridization
C. Introduction
D. All
✅ Answer: D

60. Seed is a:
A. Fertilized ovule
B. Plant organ
C. Propagating material
D. All
✅ Answer: D

61. Seed is used mainly for:
A. Consumption
B. Propagation
C. Decoration
D. Processing
✅ Answer: B

62. Quality seed ensures:
A. Better germination
B. Uniform crop stand
C. Higher yield
D. All
✅ Answer: D

63. Genetic purity is related to:
A. Seed size
B. Seed colour
C. Variety identity
D. Moisture content
✅ Answer: C

64. Seed viability refers to:
A. Seed weight
B. Ability to germinate
C. Seed colour
D. Seed size
✅ Answer: B

65. Seed dormancy means:
A. Dead seed
B. Seed fails to germinate under favourable conditions
C. Seed damage
D. Seed infection
✅ Answer: B

🔹 D. Seeds & Sowing (Continued) – MCQs 66–100

66. The fertilized ovule after maturation is called:
A. Fruit
B. Seed
C. Embryo
D. Ovary
✅ Answer: B
📝 Explanation: After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed.

67. Seed coat develops from:
A. Ovary wall
B. Endosperm
C. Integuments
D. Embryo
✅ Answer: C
📝 Explanation: Integuments of ovule form the seed coat.

68. The main function of seed coat is:
A. Germination
B. Protection
C. Nutrition
D. Respiration
✅ Answer: B

69. Endosperm provides:
A. Protection
B. Anchorage
C. Stored food
D. Hormones
✅ Answer: C

70. Embryo consists of:
A. Radicle only
B. Plumule only
C. Cotyledons only
D. Radicle, plumule and cotyledons
✅ Answer: D

71. Radicle develops into:
A. Stem
B. Leaf
C. Root
D. Flower
✅ Answer: C

72. Plumule develops into:
A. Root
B. Shoot
C. Flower
D. Fruit
✅ Answer: B

73. Cotyledons mainly function as:
A. Protection
B. Photosynthesis
C. Storage of food
D. Anchorage
✅ Answer: C

74. Seed rate is defined as:
A. Cost of seed
B. Quantity of seed per unit area
C. Seed price
D. Seed viability
✅ Answer: B

75. Optimum seed rate ensures:
A. Poor stand
B. Uniform crop stand
C. Weed infestation
D. Lodging
✅ Answer: B

76. High seed rate results in:
A. Low competition
B. High yield always
C. Intra-plant competition
D. No effect
✅ Answer: C

77. Low seed rate causes:
A. Better yield
B. Gaps in field
C. High population
D. Lodging
✅ Answer: B

78. Germination percentage indicates:
A. Seed weight
B. Seed size
C. Viability of seed
D. Moisture content
✅ Answer: C

79. The process of emergence of radicle is called:
A. Sowing
B. Germination
C. Transpiration
D. Respiration
✅ Answer: B

80. Hypogeal germination occurs in:
A. Cotton
B. Castor
C. Maize
D. Onion
✅ Answer: C
📝 Explanation: In hypogeal germination, cotyledons remain below soil surface.

81. Epigeal germination occurs in:
A. Maize
B. Wheat
C. Pea
D. Cotton
✅ Answer: D

82. Seed sowing at proper depth is important for:
A. Seed colour
B. Uniform emergence
C. Seed size
D. Seed cost
✅ Answer: B

83. Very deep sowing results in:
A. Better emergence
B. Delayed or poor emergence
C. High yield
D. No effect
✅ Answer: B

84. Broadcasting method of sowing involves:
A. Line sowing
B. Random scattering of seed
C. Dibbling
D. Transplanting
✅ Answer: B

85. Line sowing helps in:
A. Weed management
B. Fertilizer application
C. Intercultural operations
D. All
✅ Answer: D

86. Dibbling method is mostly used for:
A. Rice
B. Wheat
C. Maize
D. Sugarcane
✅ Answer: C

87. Transplanting is common in:
A. Wheat
B. Rice
C. Gram
D. Sorghum
✅ Answer: B

88. Seedling age is important in:
A. Broadcasting
B. Line sowing
C. Dibbling
D. Transplanting
✅ Answer: D

89. Crop stand refers to:
A. Crop height
B. Number of plants per unit area
C. Crop duration
D. Crop yield
✅ Answer: B

90. Uniform crop stand results in:
A. Poor yield
B. Weed growth
C. Efficient use of resources
D. Lodging
✅ Answer: C

91. Seed treatment is done mainly to:
A. Increase seed size
B. Protect seed from pests and diseases
C. Increase weight
D. Improve colour
✅ Answer: B

92. Fungicidal seed treatment controls:
A. Insects
B. Weeds
C. Seed-borne diseases
D. Nutrient deficiency
✅ Answer: C

93. Seed quality includes:
A. Genetic purity
B. Physical purity
C. Germination
D. All
✅ Answer: D

94. Certified seed is produced under:
A. Farmer supervision
B. Seed certification agency
C. Private trader
D. Consumer
✅ Answer: B

95. Seed replacement rate refers to:
A. Seed price
B. Use of certified seed instead of farm seed
C. Seed storage
D. Seed viability
✅ Answer: B

96. Good quality seed contributes to yield up to:
A. 5–10%
B. 10–15%
C. 15–20%
D. 20–25%
✅ Answer: C

97. Poor seed quality results in:
A. Uniform stand
B. High yield
C. Crop failure
D. Better growth
✅ Answer: C

98. Seed is considered a basic input because:
A. It is cheap
B. It determines yield potential
C. Easy to store
D. Easy to transport
✅ Answer: B

99. A good variety should have:
A. High yield
B. Resistance to pests and diseases
C. Wide adaptability
D. All
✅ Answer: D

100. Seed is the carrier of:
A. Fertilizer
B. Genetics
C. Weed seed
D. Pesticide
✅ Answer: B